Sports Teams With Native American Mascots - 1667 Words

Well Known Sports Teams with Native American Mascots Have you thought about the name or mascot of your favorite sports team like the Chicago Blackhawks, the Washington Redskins, or even a college team like Florida State Seminoles? These teams and more have been accused of being racist towards Native Americans and their culture. However, many teams do not intentionally use their mascots to discriminate against Natives. Instead, they represent Native American Tribes and use names to respect the history of the tribal nation. Others would say that sports teams are just using those native titles to gain more fans. Also, natives would argue that professional sports teams are making fun of their tribes because of the decisions that the team has made about the way that the native cultures are portrayed. People would say that teams with native mascots have lack of respect towards Native Americans. However, many professional sports teams that are named after a native tribe are respectful towards the native heritage in ways such as having a partn ership with the tribe, honoring a leader that the team was named after, and even helping out a tribe. Many areas of the world have been affected because they were accused of having a racist mascot or team name. In the United States many teams have respect for Native Americans. Counterpoint: Native American-Themed Sports Teams Represent the History and Traditions of the Areas They Represent, and Changing Names Does a Disservice to theShow MoreRelatedProfessional Sports Teams : Native American Mascots1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe Native American people have been apart of America ever since the â€Å"white man† came over from Europe. There traditions have been around for as long as they have been alive. They were the first people on the land we call home today. The Native American people have done more for this land than we have and we do not appreciate them at all for that. It is crazy how some people just blow them off like they are less than us and do not get anything special, but they do not also need to be disrespectedRead MoreMascots : An Honor Or An Insult?1352 Words    |  6 PagesMascots: An honor or an insult? The idea of using Native American names and images in sports has been a topic of public controversy in the United States since the 1960’s. Sports mascots that continue to promote racial, cultural, or bias slurs should be changed so that racial discrimination can be stopped and everyone can be treated equally/fairly. In today’s society, there is no room for racism or stereotypes especially in sports; an activity that is supposed to bring people together to supportRead MoreEssay on Native American Mascots Are Racist594 Words   |  3 PagesTeams in every sport, at every level of competition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that represents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen have any impact on whether a team wins or loses? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Utilizing an Indian mascot is nothing more than aRead MoreNative American Controversy Essays837 Words   |  4 PagesNative American Controversy â€Å"People ask me why I don’t just let this go. It’s all in the past, they say. I tell them that there is no past tense in the Cheyenne language. The past is not gone. As I stand here before you, all of my ancestors stand with me.† ...Suzan Shown Harjo This controversy of using Native American mascots has been origins that are engrained deeply into Indian and Non-Indian relationsRead More The Debate Regarding the Use of Native American Mascots Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesTeams in every sport, at every level of competition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that represents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen as a mascot have any impact on whether a team wins or loses? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Why all the controversy? The disputeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Atlanta Braves Game Knows What It1329 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement. What some may not realize is that they are a part of an American movement that turns a blind eye to hostility and racial abuse towards Natives. This movement takes Native Americans and dresses them up in feathers and beads, braids their hair and smears warpaint on their faces and then parades them around during football or baseball games, calling them names like ‘redskins’, ‘savages’ and ‘braves’. Some may say that this honors Natives, that to stereotype against a race of people based on theirRead MoreBaseball, Hockey, And Soccer1508 Words   |  7 Pagesof these sports are American past times. Most have their favorite teams in which they follow and some even tail gate at their games. Then you also have your die-hard fans who get dressed up in the team colors and according to team name or mascot. In some cases like that of Red skin fans th at sometimes include fans appropriating Native Americans by wearing red face paint, head dresses, and war paint. In recent years the Red Skins and other sports teams have received back lash from the Native AmericanRead MoreBanning Native American Mascots Essay526 Words   |  3 Pageshad some sort of mascot. These mascots, often animals, are carefully selected to represent not only the school’s competitive teams, but also the whole student body. Mascots are also used to represent professional sports teams. However, the use of Native Americans, an entire race of millions of people, as mascots is extremely insulting and should be banned. To begin with, it is racist and derogatory to use Native Americans as mascots. One town in Montana, Ronan, calls its sports teams the â€Å"Chiefs† andRead MoreThe use of Native Americans as mascots or team names has developed an issue that has been drawing600 Words   |  3 PagesThe use of Native Americans as mascots or team names has developed an issue that has been drawing controversy in today’s society. The question that must be asked then is: Why do we as a society quietly permit such disrespectful and hurtful conduct towards Native Americans continue, without taking any affirmative action to restrict it? Having people who run around in war paint and headdresses whooping it up at the sport games doesn’t honor anyone’s culture. It just praises racism and encourages peopleRead MoreDealing with Controversial Mascots743 Words   |  3 Pagesdictionary defines mascot as, â€Å"a person, animal, or object used as a symbol to represent a group (such as a sports team) and to bring good luck.† Hopeful sports teams around the United States rely on their mascots to bring in positive energy as motivation to help win the game. The mascot often serves as the face of a team, and acts to define the team’s character to their opponents. The mascots represent the community that the team belongs to, and that is a big role. When a mascot is offensive or isolates

Immigration Essay - 998 Words

Valerie Gonzales Assistant Professor McCombs ENG 1301, Essay 1-Expressive, 22 October 12 Nation of Immigrants It is often said that America is a nation of immigrants. Generations have drifted to the United States in hope for opportunity and liberty, and have also helped this country become very wealthy. Many illegal immigrants left their country in hope for a greater life in America. These immigrants have brought their culture to the U.S. They have made a new America by changing economy, work and culture for the better. Immigration to the United States is a complicated analytical circumstance that has been a major reason for cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States and population†¦show more content†¦Immigrants bring new ideas and ambitious spirit to the U.S. economy. Immigrants can provide an overall gain to the domestic economy due to an increase in pay for higher- skilled workers, more efficiency and lower wages for some owners of capital, and lower prices for goods and services produced by immigrants. They provide businesses which increase America’s ability to trade and invest in the global economy. Immigrants maintain our economy adjustable, allowing U.S. producers to keep prices down and to acknowledge to changing consumer demands. The increase of labor means an increase in production, which provides more goods for the United States to sell. Immigrants allow the supply of goods to increase and the demand to go down, which helps our economy Most of the illegal immigrants usually move to the industrialized countries in hope for greater wages and increased standards of living. Illegal immigrants are victims when it comes to the work force. Because they are illegal, it is very rare that they can find good positions in big companies. Immigrants in the Unites States not only seek jobs but also increase demand for goods and services, thus providing incentives for business to invest in capital, expand operations and hire more workers. By immigrants providing cheap labor, consumers gain a little more money in their pockets. Immigrants work in low paying jobs which may be as low as $2 an hour. ImmigrantsShow MoreRelatedImmigration Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has a significant impact on today’s society. Each year, more and more people from around the world decide to leave their home countries and move to a different place. Some argue that immigrants flood across borders, steal jobs, are a burden on taxpayer s and threaten indigenous culture. Others say the opposite: that immigration boosts economic growth, meets skill shortages, and helps create a more dynamic society. This essay will examine the reasons and the consequences of immigrationRead MoreAustralian Immigration Essay2524 Words   |  11 PagesAustralia has a population close to 22,400,000 people of which one in four people come from a culturally diverse and linguistic background (Dept of Immigration and Citizenship, 2009). This essay will explore the social issues of immigration in Australian society especially in relation to refugees. It will give an overview of the history of immigration in Australia. It will then go on to explore refugees and discuss the perceptions of refugees, settlement issues of refugees and then go on to lookRead MoreThe Definition of Immigration Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of immigration has developed to include a profound understanding of migration. Immigration has put an emphasis on the effects of school funding. Evidence suggests that the largest challenge in school funding is the result of increase in migrant children in schools. As a result, as the South Carolina State Superintendent of Instruction a policy must be in place for the anticipated increase of immigrant children. Many South Carolina voters agree that increase immigration has a profoundRead MoreIrish Immigration Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: IRISH IMMIGRATION IN 1850’S 1 Irish Immigration in 1850’s Dorothy Mathews Eth/125 March 7, 2010 Read MoreImmigration Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesImmigrants Should Have Better Immigration Process All my life, my mother and father has told me how hard it has been to support our families in Vietnam. The economy from here to there is so horrible that we have to support them. Were always sending at least about a million in Vietnamese money which is equal to about a hundred in American money due to the currency between America and Vietnam. Because of these two reasons, I am in favor of having better immigration process for people who comeRead More Immigration into the USA Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration into the USA My essay is a nation of immigrants in the United States which is about German, Irish, Jewish immigrants in the 1800’s or early 1900’s. I’m a Asian so I know about Asian immigration. But I didn’t know about Europe immigration very well. So I chose it among many topics. I know that I will find about aspect of immigration important and I will fall into interest of this history. A continuing high birthrate accounted for most of the increase in population, but by theRead MoreIllegal Immigration Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesPreston Lorenz Period C 5/17/13 Immigration Essay Almost all of us can say we are children of immigrants. Either our great grandparents or grandparents came to America for a better life. We know that the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island are the symbols of that great dream that so many sought so many years ago. During a visit to Ellis Island last summer I learned that during the early 1900’s we encouraged immigration because it was a time when our country’s territory had grown and we neededRead MoreImmigration Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Paper-Compare/Contrast Immigration is a topic that has been argued many times in the United States. Many people support it while others believe that immigrants are criminals who commit the crime of entering the U.S. illegally. Roberto Rodriguez and Star Parker both use different styles of writing in â€Å"Border on our Backs† and â€Å"Se Habla Entitlement† respectively. Although Roberto Rodriguez uses a personal approach to convey his message, Star Parker’s method of using real life facts andRead MoreEffects Of Immigration Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages(Graphics not available) Immigration according to Merriam Webster dictionary is the act of entering a country in which one is not a native for permanent residence. With the exception of the American Indians, people living in America can trace their ancestry roots to a country outside of United States of America. According to Alan Allport, The United States has been a land of immigration for the past 200 years (Allport, 2005). Most of the original immigrants came from Europe especially the BritishRead More Immigration Essay972 Words   |  4 Pages† Bibliography â€Å"Immigration.† Immigration Online. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(http://www.immigration.com/citizenship/naturalizationmain.html) 1999 â€Å"Immigration.† Encyclopedia Britannica: Online. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(http://search.ed.com/bol/topic?eu=115016amp;sctn=3amp;pm=1) 1999 â€Å"Immigration law net.† Immigration and Nationality Law. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(http://www.ask.com/main/followup.asp?qCategory=GOV_amp;ask=immigrationamp;qSource=0amp;origin=0am

Career Development Plan Summary Free Essays

Kudler Fine Foods is creating new responsibilities for certain teams within the organization. The team that I am responsible for will begin ordering for the Bakeries of all three stores. This is a role that Kathy Kudler has previously held. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Development Plan Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The responsibility that my team currently has for Kudler Fine Foods is to run the Bakery of the La Jolla, California, store. The team will increase from four to nine employees. This report will provide an explanation of the current and new job responsibilities. Training requirements for the existing and new employees will be provided. The performance evaluation process for both individual associates, and as a team will be reviewed. Challenges that may be presented with the evaluation process will be included. Items such as incentives, benefit packages, career development, and compensation plan will conclude this report. Current and New Roles The Bakery Team of La Jolla’s store currently consists of four employees plus myself. Jeff Lynch and Sue Anderson are both lead Bakers. April Cox and Sarah Byrd are the Bakery Sales associates. The team members who will be ordering for the other two stores will work from the store for which they will be placing orders. The exception will be that they will be expected to attend the bi-weekly team meeting that will be held at the La Jolla store. The new roles added are described below. First Level Manager: Tracey Willingham will fill this role. Tracey has been with Kudler Fine Foods since Kathy Kudler opened the La Jolla Store. She has held many positions during this time. She has a vast knowledge of all areas of the store and will be an asset to the team. She will be the manager of both existing and new associates. Order Clerk for La Jolla Store: Sarah Ross was selected for this role as she has also been with the La Jolla store since the beginning. She began as a cashier and has advanced to her current position of Lead Sales Associate for the Wine Division of the La Jolla Store. Order Clerk for the Del Mar Store: April Fett is new to Kudler Fine Foods. She has experience working with Fine Foods stores in the New York area. She has recently moved to California to be closer to her family. April will continue in this role once the Del Mar store is closed and the transition is made to the Carlsbad store. Order Clerk for Encinitas Store: Jesse Driscoll will be responsible for placing the orders for the Encinitas store. Jesse worked for Kudler Fine Foods when he was in high school as a stocker. He has completed college and will return to Kudler Fine Foods in this new role. Trainer, Reports, Backup: The last position to be filled in the reorganization of the team is to be filled by Mary Johnson. Mary has been with Kudler Fine Foods for three years. She has had experience as a Baking, Fruit, and Wine Sales Associate. She will be responsible for providing training to those who will be ordering. She will also be responsible for tracking the ordering process of all three stores. She will keep Tracey and myself updated each week with the orders that have been placed by each store as well as any trends she finds while creating the reports. Mary will also be a backup order associate for Sarah, April and Jesse when they are take vacation time. Training Plans Because Kathy has always covered the ordering for all stores, our first training steps will be for Mary to spend time with Kathy over the next month to learn the ordering process. After completing this training, the next week she will refresh her memory of how the Bakery operates. Her days will be split between time with the Bakers and the Sales Associates. During this time, she will also ask customers for any suggestions of items they want to see at the Bakery, so that the team can consider making improvements to the items offered. After Mary has finished spending time becoming familiar with what the Bakeries in each store are responsible for and how the ordering process works, she will take two weeks to create training plans. I have asked Mary to create two different training plans. The first will be held for the new members of the team and will provide training of the Bakery process. The second will be held for the current team members so an understanding of the new roles is provided. Tracey and Mary will spend time with each associate after the training sessions are held to provide coaching sessions. April and Jesse will also have online training sessions to complete within the first two weeks of their employment. The courses to be taken will be those required for all associates to complete. The name of the courses are Ethics, Diversity, and Business Conduct. Kathy is also planning a new training course for associates of all stores on Customer Service Skills. Mary will coordinate this training for the La Jolla store and for April and Jesse. Performance Appraisal Systems Feedback Official feedback as a part of the Performance Appraisal System will be completed twice a year. The first will be a mid-year review and the final will be a year-end review. This feedback will be provided in the form of a written performance appraisal. The meetings will be held one-on-one, away from the work area. During the one-on-one meeting the associate and I will discuss feedback received from clients, peers, and me. The feedback process will be a standard process for all associates. The first feed back shared will be from me and will include what I have observed, giving specific examples. The discussion will include speaking of the impact of their performance. This will allow a time for the associate to acknowledge the need for possible improvements. It will be important for the associate and me to come to an agreement on possible improvements or next steps for advancement. The most important part of the feedback discussion will be to reinforce the support that I will provide them and the resources available to him or her (SelfGrowth, 2009, pp. 1 2). A job description for the current position as well as other roles within the team will be shared during the review meeting. This will allow the associate to review the current requirements and discover what steps may be needed to advance. This will also offer the employee the opportunity to ask questions about advancing or the benefits of education. The local community college offers several courses for Sales Training. A pamphlet from the local college will be made available to each associate who wishes to learn more about the classes. An additional step toward feedback will be put in place at the same time. This step will be to provide any feedback received at the time it is received. This will apply to both good feedback or suggestions for improvements. Offering this to the associates more than twice a year will help him or her monitor his or her progress. Any feedback received from trainers will also be shared with the associates. Team Evaluation Process and Incentives In addition to be evaluated as an individual, the team will be evaluated for the progress made of working together and to identify any opportunities for improvement. Working as a team is important to the success of Kudler Fine Foods. A team that works well together and supports each other will provide better customer service. The steps of evaluating a team provide needs for a different appraisal system. When evaluating an individual you can address individual goals and progress. With a team, the results are based on more than one person trying to obtain a personal goal. The team has goals and needs each person to help meet the goals. While an individual may be great at his or her own position, the manner in which he or she works within a team could provide issues for the team. The most important part of a team evaluation is to remain fair. While the team is to be evaluated for success, the individual contribution must also be taken into consideration. How each person helps the team meet the goals will be considered. The opportunity to be a good team player has to be offered to each associate. One motivation that will be provided for meeting team goals is by providing a luncheon for the team each quarter if goals are met. The team will be considered for an end of the year bonus if all quarters within the year are met as a team and as a company. Strategies to Discourage Social Loafing Social Loafing in the team environment refers to the team member or members who do not perform his or her fair share of the work. The social loafer on the team may believe that he or she can cruise along whereas the rest of the team performs each member’s given duties, then the loafer expects the same credit as the other members (Dayton Business Journal, 2001). What the loafer in any of the instances fails to realize is that their lack of participation has a negative effect on the other members of the team. To discourage social loafing, all team members should understand that his or her individual performance and participation is observed and assessed. Members, who do not fairly contribute should not expect the same credit. Assessing the contributions of every member of a team eliminates loafing. Besides the team lead or the manager assessing the team member’s performance, each member can have the chance to critique the performance of fellow team members. References http://www.selfgrowth.com/print/583277 How to cite Career Development Plan Summary, Essay examples

Aatumetid end Nun

Aatumetid end Nun-Aatumetid Dete: Essay Dete risuarcis cen bi eatumetid ur nun-eatumetid end ot hulds ell thi dete en urgenozetoun mey niid tu ecciss. Sumi ixemplis uf nun-eatumetid dete risuarcis eri steff pepir polis, folis on cebonits, end pepir ducamints. Dete risuarcis cen cumi frum doffirint dipertmints uf e cumpeny end frum sivirel lucetouns. Nuw, thi dete risuarci onfrestractari os bicumong nitwurk drovin. Thi bist ixempli uf nitwurkid Dete Risuarci os thi Intirnit whiri thi mollouns uf wib sirvirs eruand thi wurld eri thi Dete Risuarcis (www. liern.giikontirvoiw.cum). My urgenozetoun asis dete risuarcis on ell uf thisi weys. Oni uf thi urgenozetounel onotoetovis os tu drovi tuwerds e pepirliss invorunmint. Wothon thi lest fiw yiers thi urgenozetoun hes biin muvong ell pepir-besid ducamintid dipertmint prucidaris tu e cumpatirozid risuarci thet cen bi asid cumpeny wodi. Dete prucissong cen bi difonid es thi gethirong uf onfurmetoun, whoch os thin edjastid end medi ontu mienongfal onfurmetoun fur putintoel dete enelysos. Thiri eri sivirel typis uf dete prucissong sach es menael dete prucissong, eatumetoc dete prucissong, end ilictrunoc dete prucissong. Dete prucissong systims teki thi rew dete end prudaci asifal onfurmetoun. Oar prucissong tiems hendli e lut uf thisi rispunsobolotois. Fur ixempli, whin wi eri bollid onvuocis frum uar vindurs, thi onvuocis eri scennid ontu thi systims. Thi essucoetis thin teki ell thi scennid onvuocis end pruciss thim ontu thi onfurmetoun systim, whoch os asid by Curpureti Accuantong tu treck dipertmintel badgits. Thi onfurmetoun systim os elsu asid by Prucarimint tu virofy end treck doscuantid parchesis. Dete sturegi os thi huldong uf dete on en ilictrumegnitoc furm fur ecciss by e cumpatir prucissur. Promery sturegi os dete thet os hild on rendum ecciss mimury (RAM) end uthir mimury divocis thet eri baolt ontu cumpatirs. Sicundery sturegi os dete thet os sturid un ixtirnel sturegi divocis sach es herd dosks, tepis, CDs. (tatur2a.nit). Cluad sturegi os imirgong es thi promery sicundery sturegi uptoun. As thi Intirnit gruws ixpunintoelly, dete sturegi hes stertid tu pley oncriesongly boggir rulis on IT onfrestractari (Ecunumoctomis). Evintaelly cluad besid sturegi woll teki uvir herdrovi sturegis. My cumpeny duis nut asi cluad-besid sturegi. All onfurmetoun uldir thet 5 yiers os CD echoivid end pepir ducamintetouns os buxid end shoppid tu sturegi baoldongs. Whin rivoiwong thi dete sturegi ixempli thiri eri buth lung tirm end shurt-tirm ossai thet cen rosi.

The Shoe Horn Sonata Essay Example For Students

The Shoe Horn Sonata Essay Language helps us share other people’s experiences. Explain how this is achieved in The Shoehorn Sonata and at least two other texts. Language helps us share other people’s experience. In the play the Shoe Horn Sonata by John Misto, the use of symbolism, stage directions and dialogue enables the audience to feel empathy for the character as does the language used in the film Apocolyto and in the painting â€Å"He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother† by Holly Wong. The Shoe Horn Sonata makes references to actual historical events and places. With the incorporation of many literary devices used in dialogue and language techniques working together, the play creates a sense of realism. This allows the audience to feel empathy and engagement with the characters and situations. Engaging the audience is a distinctive feature that permits the interaction of the themes of heroism, sacrifice and friendship, as well as survival and resilience. Heroism is a key theme in the play, and is evident from the first time that Bridie and Sheila meet each other. We will write a custom essay on The Shoe Horn Sonata specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When Sheila begins to â€Å"nod off† Bridie hits her with her shoe-horn to stop her from drowning. While Bridie recalls it as a â€Å"tap-tap-tap† Sheila uses a hyperbolized onomatopoeia and recalls it as more of a â€Å"whack-whack-whack†. This shows the diverse characteristic of each protagonist but displays the friendship to keep the other alive. Sacrifice is demonstrated through Sheila’s act of offering up her virginity to a Japanese soldier, Lipstick Larry, to obtain quinine to save Bridie’s life. Even though Sheila is traumatized by her own act for over fifty years, she manages to reveal the truth to Bridie, which in itself is a huge difficulty, but still very definitively she retorts that â€Å"I’d do it all again, if I had to. † This shows that even after all the physical and psychological hardships encountered during the war, Sheila is still willing to make heroic sacrifices for Bridie. This use of language helps the audience to experience empathy for Sheila who sacrificed the only thing that was a sacred asset to her. When Bridie repeats her moral position of Sheila actions, her dialogue uses a disgusted tone. â€Å"Sleeping with a Jap? I’d never have done that† The rift in the friendship, shown by the isolated spotlights for each character in the stage directions, makes the audience realize that the language used between the characters is very defensive and aggravated. However even though a rift forms, humor is revealed in both the characters to act as a mask to hide their true fears and thoughts. While Bridie and Sheila reveal pieces of their past they laugh and tell jokes about incident at the camp. Like when the Australian government sent a message to the women to â€Å"keep smiling†, irony was used in this enigmatic expression, because the women were placed under such horrendous prison conditions. This emphasizes to the audience the government’s lack of sympathy in assisting the women. Another example was when Bridie â€Å"stitched a rusty pin into Lipstick Larry’s loin-cloth. † The audience feels a sense of brief glimpses of happiness as they digest the anguish that must have been felt by the women at the time. Survival and resilience is displayed through the language as well. An example of this was when the women in the POW camp formed a vocal orchestra. The music of â€Å"Bolero† sung by the choir allows the audience to realise the unity of â€Å"Fifty voices and a shoe-horn† as they refuse to be defeated by the patriarchy of the Japanese. But as hopeful as they were, years down the track incidents occurred that made those women feel like, â€Å"I’d never really left†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sheila is metaphorically dwelling in the past, and may be suffering from post traumatic stress due to the incidents that she encountered. The language used between the two sets is also different. .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 , .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .postImageUrl , .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 , .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:hover , .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:visited , .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:active { border:0!important; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:active , .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094 .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua01b7ca408bd295c68ae8ff52f5b1094:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drink Up - Drunk Driving Should be Legalized EssayThe interview for Rick’s show is formal and polite as if the characters are trying to hide their true selves. However back in the motel room a different persona exists. The use of colloquialism between Sheila and Bridie is shown in the dialogue and use of the term â€Å"Japs† or â€Å"Nips† shows the little respect that remains towards any Japanese people. The Shoe horn Sonata portrays how language helps the audience share other people’s experiences. In a similar way, the film Apocolypto directed by Mel Gibson depicts the journey of a tribesman who must escape human sacrifice nd rescue his family after the capture and destruction of his village. The themes of atrocities and also survival and resilience are explored in a very visual manner throughout the film. The use of subtitles accompanying the dialogue sets the scene for an ancient civilization using a selective dialect. Atrocities are shown from the start of the film, which begins with a quotation from Will Durant: A great civilization is not conquered from without until it has destroyed itself from within. The use of this extended metaphor emphasizes that together they were a great society. Strong and powerful as a whole, but slowly power and control is divided to certain segments of the community forcing a collapse in the empire. So rather than blaming the external factors of food hunting and divided groups, it is really the internal factors of individuals competing for control that forces a civilized society to crumble from within. â€Å"I saw a hole in the Man, deep like a hunger he will never fill. It is what makes him sad and what makes him want. He will go on taking and taking, until one day the World will say, I am no more and I have nothing left to give. ’† The fortitude and denominating power behind the statement I am Flint Sky. I have hunted this forest from the day I came of age. My father hunted this forest with me, and before me. Jaguar Paw, my son. He hunts this forest with me. He will hunt it with his son, after I am gone. Shows that for generations the cycle of life will continue and no matter what comes in the way, son after son will hunt the forests with pride. The language used creates an empathic response to the audience, as they are about to read what is being said while watching the determined expression and defiant and powerful stance of the tribe leader as he says this. Survival and resilience is shown in the way that Jaguar Paw was able to rebound back after watching his friends and family die, his home being burnt to the ground and having to leave his pregnant wife and child in a hole in the ground while he was brutily taken away to be sacrificed. In the end all he wants for his family is, Our lands were ravaged. We seek a new beginning. A new start to forget the torments of life. The audience understands from this that, what happened in the past, stays in the past and Jaguar Paw is moving on from it, like many others should do in situations of hardship and turmoil. The third related text is ‘He Ain’t Heavy, He’s my Brother’. If this painting were to be turned into language the probable expectations for the painting would be the themes of survival and resilience, and friendship. This painting depicts an older brother carrying his dead younger brother away in war-torn Iraq. This particular painting depicts the suffering of people but also the incredible tenderness and love that is felt between these two individuals. Since love is universal, the viewer is about to feel an emotional response or empathy towards the feelings of tenderness and relate to the loss that the older brother feels. .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 , .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .postImageUrl , .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 , .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:hover , .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:visited , .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:active { border:0!important; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:active , .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9 .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue36d40368f7f19be3955e5329bc38ef9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Importance of Being Earnest a review EssayIn addition, it portrays the chaos of the environment through the swirling energy of the marks and the older brother’s determination to carry his younger family member to safety. Overall, the play ‘The Shoe-horn Sonata’, the film Apocolyto and the painting â€Å"He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother† shows how language helps us share other people’s experiences. Though examining the dialogue, the stage directions, and the imagery used that forms language this was achieved.

Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Physical Universe, Free Essays

Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Physical Universe, Free Essays Universe Not so much a theory of the universe as a simple picture of the planet we call home, the flat-earth model proposed that Earths surface was level. Although everyday experience makes this seem a reasonable assumption, direct observation of nature shows the real world isnt that simple. For instance, when a sailing ship heads into port, the first part that becomes visible is the crows-nest, followed by the sails, and then the bow of the ship. If the Earth were flat, the entire ship would come into view at once as soon as it came close enough to shore. The Greek philosopher Aristotle provided two more reasons why the Earth was round. First, he noted that Earths shadow always took a circular bite out of the moon during a lunar eclipse, which would only be possible with a spherical Earth. (If the Earth were a disk, its shadow would appear as an elongated ellipse at least during part of the eclipse.) Second, Aristotle knew that people who journeyed north saw the North Star ascend higher in the sky, while those heading south saw the North Star sink. On a flat Earth, the positions of the stars wouldnt vary with a persons location. Despite these arguments, which won over most of the worlds educated citizens, belief in a flat Earth persisted among many others. Not until explorers first circumnavigated the globe in the 16th century did those beliefs begin to die out. Ptolemy, the last of the great Greek astronomers of antiquity, developed an effective system for mapping the universe. Basing much of his theory on the work of his predecessor, Hipparchus, Ptolemy designed a geocentric, or Earth-centered, model that held sway for 1400 years. That Ptolemy could place Earth at the center of the universe and still predict the planets positions adequately was a testament to his ability as a mathematician. That he could do so while maintaining the Greek belief that the heavens were perfectand thus that each planet moved along a circular orbit at a constant speedis nothing short of remarkable. Copernicus made a great leap forward by realizing that the motions of the planets could be explained by placing the Sun at the center of the universe instead of Earth. In his view, Earth was simply one of many planets orbiting the Sun, and the daily motion of the stars and planets were just a reflection of Earth spinning on its axis. Although the Greek astronomer Aristarchus developed the same hypothesis more than 1500 years earlier, Copernicus was the first person to argue its merits in modern times. Despite the basic truth of his model, Copernicus did not prove that Earth moved around the Sun. That was left for later astronomers. The first direct evidence came from Newtons laws of motion, which say that when objects orbit one another, the lighter object moves more than the heavier one. Because the Sun has about 330,000 times more mass than Earth, our planet must be doing almost all the moving. A direct observation of Earths motion came in 1838 when the German astronomer Friedrich Bessel measured the tiny displacement, or parallax, of a nearby star relative to the more distant stars. This minuscule displacement reflects our planets changing vantage point as we orbit the Sun during the year. How did the universe really begin? Most astronomers would say that the debate is now over: The universe started with a giant explosion, called the Big Bang. The big-bang theory got its start with the observations by Edwin Hubble that showed the universe to be expanding. If you imagine the history of the universe as a long-running movie, what happens when you show the movie in reverse? All the galaxies would move closer and closer together, until eventually they all get crushed together into one massive yet tiny sphere. It was just this sort of thinking that led to the concept of the Big Bang. The Big Bang marks the instant at which the universe began, when space and time came into existence and all the matter in the cosmos started to expand. Amazingly, theorists have deduced the history of the universe dating back to just 1043 second (10 million trillion trillion trillionths of a second) after the

THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POSED BY SOCIAL MEDIA FOR DESTINATION Research Paper

THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES POSED BY SOCIAL MEDIA FOR DESTINATION MARKETING - Research Paper Example This new and renewed focus on the tourism therefore also requires a new and fresh approach for tourism destination marketing as an essential and critical component of the overall process. This has also required the marketers to take a very strategic approach towards the destination marketing and design and develop their strategies in such a manner which can optimize the use of the resource. Social media has recently emerged as one of the key trends in the information technology market wherein connecting people through web has become a new norm. Social media however, also presented an opportunity for marketing by using the social networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter. This paper will present a review of how the social media can actually have an impact on the destination marketing, what challenges and opportunities it presents and how marketers can actually take advantage of this new and emerging trend in the market. Destination Marketing Destination marketing is a relativel y new and unique concept outlining as to how the destination marketers can actually take a more robust and strategic view of the destination marketing and use it for strategic purposes. This view is considered as in-line with the mainstream marketing which is managed as a strategic business planning tool to achieve the overall business objectives. Destination marketing therefore is also viewed as a market oriented strategic approach to develop the locations in such a manner that they take into consideration the overall interests of the customers while at the same time balancing the requirements and interests of other stakeholder groups in the community also. (Blumberg, 2005) This approach to destination marketing therefore views this as a very conscious and thoughtful process which requires a commitment of time and resources to develop and build the locations in such a manner that they can reflect the overall market sentiments. What is however, different for the destination marketer s is their inability to control the product because of the overall nature of the product they are marketing. This therefore also offers them an insight into how to tap the target market in order to ensure that the location attracts the people who are willing to visit it and spend there. This change or shift from the traditional marketing concepts where more focus is being given on the product, destination marketers will have to face a dual challenge of balancing the act between the product and the target market for the product. The focus on the target market is also based on the assumption that different individuals prefer different locations due to different reasons. In order to tap into the different niches which the differences in the choices of the consumers can offer therefore require an strong focus on the target market and how it behave and react to different changes taking place in the marketing. Since in destination marketing, marketers often do not control the product dire ctly therefore this leaves a little room for them to actually modify or change the product but rather use its existing attributes to attract the target market. As such marketers therefore often tend to create a kind of experience which can develop the customer satisfaction and can generate the repeat customers. This is because of the fact that the destinations offer different and unique experiences and each one have their own strengths and

Choose yourself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Choose yourself - Essay Example In recent times, it has increasingly grown to be linked with either types of people or context and incidents. One form of hooliganism is spontaneous and minor while the second and most serious form involves rivalry between gangs that support different teams (Dunning 142). This paper will tackle soccer hooliganism in terms of its history, media coverage, causes and ways of combating it. It is widely thought that football hooliganism started in the 1960’s before escalating in the following two decades. However, there are records of violence and disorderly conduct in football crowds early in the 19th C. It is difficult to gauge the paucity and seriousness of the problem back then due to lack of accurate records. Back then, there tended to be leniency in the way which football hooliganism incidents were dealt with which further obscures their knowledge. In the early days of football games, football hooliganism was very subtle and was mostly displayed invading of the pitch (King 572). Although fans frequently invaded the pitch during play time, the only serious thing that happen was stopping of the game with no bodily harm to the players. Prominence of this phenomenon pitched its fever pitch during the 1960’s when new and violent forms began to be manifested during soccer games (Piotrowski 634). The coverage of soccer games by media increased which also highlighted the growing problems within soccer crowds. Then, football hooliganism was being portrayed as part of youth rebellion where young soccer fans found a way of letting out their frustrations. It is during the 1960’s and 80’s that there was a surge of delinquency among the youth which led to formation of football gangs all over the world. Other social problems like racism also found their way in the soccer scene and were exhibited through violent clashes between members of different gangs. Soccer stadia acquired new

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cloud Computing - Essay Example Although this technology has many advantages to a global society, it has a number of risks that make it disadvantageous in its application. The development of the cloud computing technology spans a long historical period that has seen it the common phrase today in the in information technology today. In the 1950s the mainframe computer technology had many drawbacks that necessitated the need of sharing resources within computer networks in public institutions. During this time, the mainframe computers were slow and expensive and it was virtually impossible to provide each person with a mainframe computer. Consequently, the need for sharing information arose in public institutions where the number of computers were much less than the number of clients. To achieve this, the static terminals, which were used for communicating but had no processors, were invented to ensure that the CPU clock speed and the resources within the mainframe memory could be shared among various clients. Betwee n the year 1960 and 1990, cloud computing became more common as scientists suggested that it was possible to connect the whole world through the use a few data centers and numb terminals located from all over the world (Furht, and Armando 10). At this stage, this technology was foreseen as an invention that would globalize the world and connect all human beings within a cohesive network. The period between 1990 and 2000 has been a period of rapid transition of cloud computing technology. Telecommunication service providers adopted the virtual private network (VPN) in which their clients could access networks remotely. Also, this was the time when the cloud computing symbol was used by service providers to mark a separation between the core network and the client side of the network. After the proliferation of the internet technology, the internet formed common network where information could be shared and distributed within virtual computer systems. In 2000, companies such as the Am azon modernized their data centers and provided high capacity networks where information could be accessed by many clients in their online presence. Today, this technology has been adopted within the business systems to synchronize global business operations and form high capacity networks that can provide data to all clients in the world (Furht, and Armando 15). Cloud distributors have become popular as they adopt hardware Virtualization and utility computing that have become the drivers of the cloud computing technology. The cloud computing architecture is divided into two ends that separate the storage and the access sides. Strickland (2) regards the two sides of the cloud computing architecture as the front end and the back end. The front end side is constituted by the client’s computer network and the associated applications that facilitate access of the networks. Mozilla Firefox and the internet explorer are just some of the applications that are commonly used by client s to access the internet on the front end. On the other hand, the back end side constitutes the computers, servers and the autonomous data storage systems that allow the formation of a cloud that can be accessed from the front end. The internet forms a link between the front end and the back end as it forms the channel of communication between the clients and storage servers.

Stereotyping In Advertising In Mauritius Media Essay

Stereotyping In Advertising In Mauritius Media Essay This study will concentrate on the females attitude towards stereotyping associated with women in advertising. The controversy over the portrayal of women in advertising continues today. More and more, women are taking on a broader role and responsibilities in society. However, as we cross the threshold of this new decade, there is a significant question that needs to be answered. While the debate over whether or not advertisers portray women realistically bear on, the fundamental concern is how women feel and respond to the portrayal of females in advertising, despite of the action or inaction of advertisers to effect change. Do females believe that advertisers portray women in realistic ways or do they believe they are shown in stereotypical roles of housewives and/or sex objects? This study examines the attitudes, feeling and perception of female consumers toward the portrayal of women in advertising. Purpose of research The purpose of this study is to analyse Mauritian females attitude towards the stereotyping of women in advertising. More specifically, the primary goals of this study are: (1) To investigate about womens perceptions in relation to the stereotyping of females in advertising. (2) To examine if women believe that advertisers depict females in stereotypical roles of housewives and/or sex objects. (3) To explore the veracity of Cultivation Theory on Mauritian females. (4) To find out whether stereotypes have harmful effects on women themselves. (5) To investigate if the stereotyping of women in advertising affect the purchasing pattern of females. Research questions A vital step toward providing a sound theoretical foundation for the research project is the development of concrete research questions and hypotheses. This process typically begins with a preliminary review of the existing literature for your topic. A research question poses an affiliation between two or more variables but phrases the relationship in terms of some question. -What group of females considers that women are being stereotype in advertising? -What type of portrayal of women in advertising is offensive to females? -What is the miss-representation of women in advertisement? -Do females consider that advertising suggest that women primary occupation is as homemakers? -Do female consider that women are portrayed as sex objects? -Do females feel that advertising does not really show women as they really are? -Are females persuaded to buy products or services if they are being advertising by women? -What are the negative effects that females experience when they are stereotyped in advertising? Hypotheses Once the research questions are firmly established the next step is to develop a set of hypotheses based on the questions posed by the study. A hypothesis is a declarative statement that attempts to predict the relationship between two or more variables based on statistical consideration. Hypotheses are numeric estimates of population value based on data collected from samples. Testing of hypotheses employs statistical procedures in which the investigator draws inferences about the population from a study sample. In this study of Understanding females attitudes towards womens stereotyping in advertising in Mauritius, the hypotheses are as follows: Ho-Women believe that advertisers depict females in stereotypical roles of housewives and/or sex objects. H1-Women do not believe that advertisers depict females in stereotypical roles of housewives and/or sex objects. Ho-Stereotypes have harmful effects on women concerning their body image. H1- Stereotypes do not have harmful effects on women concerning their body image. Ho- Stereotyping of women in advertising affect the purchasing pattern of females. H1- Stereotyping of women in advertising does not affect the purchasing pattern of females. Chapter 2 Overview of Literature Review This chapter reviews the related literature that will include articles related to stereotyping of women in advertising, factors leading to stereotyping of women, how women are portrayed in advertisement, and how advertising influences females perception and behaviors. It will also examine the theoretical framework that will be used for the study presented in this research paper. Literature Review Introduction It has been argued that advertising over the yesteryears has not presented a pragmatic illustration of women and their roles in society. It is harmless to state that stereotypes exist and are a part of our lives. The advertisements from the 50à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s are not opposed from the advertisements broadcasted today in the present; reminiscing women where they belong: in the home, cleaning, mopping, baking and cooking, parenting, fostering, and looking sexually attractive. Stereotyping of Women in Advertising Stereotyping of women has been a main concern with media researchers. Studies have dealt with the portrayal of women in all forms of media. A close assessment of the literature on stereotyping of women in media revealed that each of these studies had its center of attention on at least one or more of the following categories (Shrikhande; 2003): 1) Women portrayed at domicile and with family 2) Women and occupation 3) Women and their age 4) Women and their physical appearance or attire 5) Women as product representatives or as product users 6) Women and stance The community acts according to these portrayal because they are considered socially acceptable. For instance, when people think of an advertisement for a household cleaner, what comes to mind, most likely, is a woman. It is also likely that the picture in peoples minds corresponds closely to what researchers have called the happy housewife stereotype. This is a stereotype that has been associated with the image of women in most print and television advertisements. Media is very effective at creating stereotypes because they are sometimes the only source of information we have about other groups and they often represent a distorted view of those groups (Straubhaar 2004). No matter what type of life a women lives, there will always be a certain stereotype about her within society. Women in commercials are confined into what roles they can play on television commercials. In most advertisements in which women act in, the commercial is set out to capture the interests of stereotypical womens hobbies and interests. A stereotype would be best described as when one ignores diversity and makes sweeping generalizations about a groups values, behaviour, and beliefs (Straubhaar 2004). Advertisements remain replicated in obsolete gender stereotypes by portraying women as having an ideal body image, eating disorders and acting as sex symbols. The debate over the portrayal of women in advertising continues today. One of the harshest criticisms of the way in which women are portrayed in television and print advertisements is that women are shown in an extremely contracted range of roles, with descriptions concentrated on the conventional occupations of housewife, a mother and secretary. Many studies have found support for this criticism (Bardwick et al., 1967; Courtney et al., 1971; Dominick et al., 1972; Ferrante, Haynes, Kingsley, 1988; Gilly, 1988; and Knill et al., 1981). Factors leading to stereotyping of women Early attitudes towards women Women have always been regarded as a creative source of human life. However, history reveals that they have been considered not only intellectually inferior to men but also a main cause of temptation and evil. For instance, in the Greek mythology, it was a woman, Pandora, who opened the forbidden box and brought plagues and misery to mankind. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men (Womens International Center, 1995). Ancient Christian theology conserved these conceptions. St. Jerome, a 4th-century Latin father of the Christian church, said: Woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a perilous object. Thomas Aquinas, the 13th-century Christian theologian, stated that woman was created to be mans helpmeet, but her unique role is in conception . . . since for other purposes men would be better assisted by other men (Womens International Center, 1995). In the East, the approach toward women was at first more favorable. In early India, for instance, women were not deprived of possessions rights or human freedoms by marriage. But after the evolution of Hinduism in India about the 500 BC, obedience of women toward men was compulsory Women had to walk in the rear of their husbands. Women could not have possession of property, and widows were not allowed to remarry (Womens International Center, 1995). In the fourteenth centuries women acquired more status when they were allowed to educate themselves and earn mastership in a variety of trades. Unfortunately womens status suffered a blow during the Renaissance as there were more restrictions on womens sexuality and political rights. Although women were learned and able to act as rulers, the dropping position of working women amplified the significance of womens contribution to the family. During the reformation womens status as wives and mothers was increased and they were controlled by their husbands (Womens International Center, 1995). Cultural images of women Merriam Webster defines culture as the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group. Culture ideas, symbols, norms and values occupy a major role in the conception of women images and the demarcation of gender roles. To understand the images of femininity the Indian society can be taken as an example. India, a heterogeneous society, demonstrates incompatible women images. The standardize model image of Indian womanhood has disclosed significant consistency. Images of women have not remained stagnant and have been subject to various metaphors. Nevertheless, some basic models have prevalent approval. Diverse cultural images of women: Pativrata- absolute devotion to husband, glorified motherhood, Bharat Mata Image. The insight of diverse categories of women is specifically formed by the commonly accepted female images and stereotypes in the society (Bhargava 2009). Moreover, at the interpersonal stage within the family situation, these images are often imposing in a variety of ways. Indian girls grow up with deep rooted sense of apprehension and anxiety which not only confines their social mobility in the everyday life but also often psychologically cripples them to confront the afflictions of life in general and oppose gender based discrimination in particular. These gender divisions, flowing nearly straight from the popular imagery fostered these images in most Indian families. It can be stated that possibly most significantly; these images leave a profound imprint upon womens self-perception (Bhargava 2009). Women in advertisement Advertising has been a major goal of attack and investigation. The fundamental enlightenment for the significant focus on sex role portrayal in advertising lies in the close relationship, which prevails among advertising, the consumer goods industry and the vital economic role of women as consumers. Usually it is exhibit in advertisement a womans ambition in life is to magnetise and achieve a man:-women are publicised in advertising as forever young and attractive. They are repeatedly depicted as sexual objects. Women in advertisements are constrained to the home and isolated from other women outside home, man is her preferred partner. Domesticity is the next role of two dimensional image of femininity in advertising (Bhargava 2009). Moreover, there are open obscene advertisements relating to sexual stereotypes that are established in different media. The Indian description of sex stereotyping would have all women carrying themselves like legendary sita and savitri- docile, submissive, sacrificing, emotional, fearful, and incompetent of coherent action, their most important duty being wives, partners and mothers. What is being canvas here is gross counterfeit modern lifestyle which is detached from the common Indian womans struggle to survive completely negating and never inquiring her reality (Bhargava 2009). Stereotyping of women in Television Commercials One of the earliest studies that discussed about the image of women in television commercials was by Bardwick and Schumann (1967). Bardwick and Schumann (1967) examined male and female role portrayals in television commercials and settled on the fact that women are portrayed first and foremost as homebound or as housewives. Courtney and Whipple (1974) analysed the stereotyping of women in television commercials and identify major distinctness between men and women. Women were over-symbolised in advertisements for cosmetics and were less likely to appear in advertisements for cars, trucks and related products. 75 percent of all advertisements using women were for products found in the kitchen or bathroom, strengthening the stereotype that a womans place is at home. Women were typically portrayed in house settings rather than business settings in contrast to men. Women were represented as reliant on men and were looked at above all as sexual objects. Courtney and Whipple (1974) described sexual objects as, where women had no role in the commercial, but emerged as a piece of decoration. Researchers found that 87% of voiceovers were male and only 6% of voiceovers were done using females (Courtney Whipple, 1974). Later studies confirmed this (Culley Bennett, 1976; Dominick Rauch, 1972; Lundstorm Sciglimpaglia, 1977; McArthur Resko, 1975; O.Donnell O.Donnell, 1978; Schneider Schneider, 1979). Women were most prone to be characterised not by job-related or other types of roles, but in roles that defined them in terms of their relationships with others, i.e. as spouse, girlfriend, parent or friend (McArthur and Resko, 1975). Moreover, it was discovered that women were portrayed as product users in 86% of advertisements and as product authorities in only 14% of the commercials, compared to men who were depicted overwhelmingly as authorities (McArthur and Resko, 1975). Browne (1998) analysed sex role stereotyping in television commercials aimed at children in the United States and Australia. Her results are in general parallel to those of earlier studies and point out significant gender stereotyping (Macklin Kolbe, 1984; McArthur Eisen, 1976; Sternglanz Serbin, 1974). Her outcome specify that boys appeared in greater numbers in the television commercials, were assign more dominant, dynamic and aggressive roles compared to girls. Gender role reinforcement was detected at the level of body language and facial expressions; girls were portrayed as reserved, giggly, improbable to assert control, less active and helpful. Stereotyping of women in Print Advertisements Chafetz, Lorence and Larosa (1993) analysed six trade publications to evaluate if there had been an impact in female participation in professional vocations and whether an editorial personnel with more women has helped reduce gender stereotyping of professional women. Chafetz, Lorence and Larosa (1993) found that greater relative numbers of women in the occupation over time and an increased share of women in the editorial staff have resulted in portraying women as professionals, confident, independent and attractive. Gender composition of editorial staff had a consistent and a positive effect on how women are portrayed in advertising. However, women are still portrayed less favorably in male-oriented professional publications. Chafetz, Lorence and Larosa.s (1993) findings also suggest that the non-advertisement visuals appear to be conveying a decreasing level of gender stereotyping, because such visuals often appear with stories about work being done by those who practice the target ed occupation or are closely related to it, hence encouraging gender equitable treatment. Perception about womens stereotyping in advertising The Womens Liberation Movement put pressure on marketers to cautiously study how women were portrayed in advertisements. Many studies (Courtney Lockeretz, 1971, Wagner Banos, 1973) analysed womens role in advertising, but they are mainly content analyses. Wortzel and Frisbie found that there was no consistent preference for a specific role for all product categories. Women tended to choose their preferred role based on the class of the product being advertised. In addition, it was found that women with positive attitudes toward the movement, considered modern or progressive, did not reject traditional female role portrayals. Women were satisfied and accepting of traditional role portrayals in advertisements, regardless of their thoughts on Womens Liberation. Studies indicated that for both traditional and modern women, more favorable attitudes resulted from consistency between the ad role portrayal and their role orientation. The most favorable attitudes were from traditional women exposed to the traditional role portrayal. The least favorable attitudes were found by modern women who viewed the traditional role portrayal (Leigh, 1987). Mode rn woman is supposedly more free with choices to exercise and this is apparent in the slick advertisements where women have free body language and seem more open, articulate and more sexual (Aruna, Nidhi Kotwal Shradha Sahni, 2008) Females perception about stereotyping of women in advertising A Canadian research carried out by Susan DeYoung and F.G. Crane shows that that a more realistic portrayal of women in advertising is not only desirable but fundamental in a modern marketplace. Women do not only want a more realistic portrayal but believe that they deserve it (Susan DeYoung and F.G. Crane, 1992). A predominantly imperative finding in this study is the fact that the attitudes held by women cut across age, income, education and marital status categories. Therefore, advertisers cannot simply overlook complaints about the portrayal of women in advertising to a small group of liberal feminists. The concern seems to be widespread. This study is a replication of an American study which was conduct 10 years ago prior to the Canadian study. The following table shows the attitudes and perception of women towards stereotyping of women in advertising. CANADIAN STUDY 1990 VERSUS AMERICAN STUDY 1979 Percentage agreeing with statement Canada 1990 US 1979 1. Advertising suggests a womans place is in the home 51 60 2. Advertising I see does not show women as they really are 77 60 3. Advertising suggests that women are dependent on men 51 50 4. Advertising shows women mainly as sex objects 80 60 5. Advertising suggests women do not make important decisions 63 82 6. Advertising suggests women do not do important things 46 60 7. I am more sensitive than I used to be to the portrayal of women in advertising 54 55 8. I find the portrayal of women in advertising to be offensive 50 60 9. If a product I buy is advertised in a way that I find offensive to women, I would stop buying it 51 31 10. If a new product uses advertising that I find offensive to women, I would not buy it, even if it was a good product 48 28 Source: Females attitudes toward the portrayal of women in advertising: a Canadian study 1992 Theoretical Framework Cultivation Theory Cultivation theory also referred to as the cultivation hypothesis or cultivation analysis was an approach developed by Professor George Gerbner, dean of the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania (Chandler, 1995). The purpose of the Cultural Indicators project was to identify and track the cultivated effects of television on viewers (Buchanan et al, 2010). A research by Buchanan (2010 cited by Miller 2005) showed that they were concerned with the effects of television programming on the attitudes and behaviours of the American public (Buchanan et al, 2010). There are various communication theories, but Gerbners Cultivation Theory is above all pertinent to numerous situations. It focuses on the suggestion that television plays a fundamental role in viewers perceptions of the humanity by touching attitudes, beliefs, and ways of thinking (Lindquist, 2006). Thus it is harmless to state that through television, people are exposed to various advertising that are typically stereotyping women in a negative manner. The severity of these effects depends on the amount of television an individual watches each day (Lindquist, 2006). Gerbners Cultivation theory suggests that television can alter or cultivate a viewers perception of social reality (Buchanan et al, 2010). It is harmless to state that according to Gerbner, a viewers belief of reality is shaped by the amount of continual exposure to television combined with media messages over a long period of time. Application of the Theory to the Study An extremely widespread problem in our society today is the misconstrued perception many women and adolescent girls have about their bodies. The media portrays thin bodies as being beautiful and desirable, yet most of the women on television and in advertisements can be considered to be dangerously underweight when looking at them from a medical perspective (Lindquist, 2006). Consumer culture and media imagery have a pervasive and powerful influence on girls at a critical developmental stage; American girls are socialized to cement and signal identity through visual symbols that include visible consumption of prestige goods or a particular body presentation that conforms to cultural aesthetic ideals (Becker, 2004). A research by Becker (2004 cited by Gordon 2000 and Pipher 1994) suggest that there are several reasons to believe that adolescence places girls at particular risk as participants in consumer culture. For instance, many have suggested that adolescence is a time when American girls are challenged by simultaneous conflicting cultural demands to maintain both a trajectory of achievement and the requirements of female roles; such conflict, if severe and unresolved, may manifest in a variety of difficulties, including an eating disorder (Becker. 2004). The concept of mainstreaming that Gerbner discusses can be linked to this problem regarding females and poor body image. According to the Cultivation Theory, heavy viewers of television will experience the effects of mainstreaming, where their attitudes and opinions are essentially created by information and portrayals they receive from the television. In the media where womens beauty and body perfection are defined by emaciated figures, it is only natural that heavy-viewing females begin to have their attitudes shaped by this ideal. They begin to be affected by the reality constructed on the television more than the reality of the world around them. It has been discovered that heavy-viewing young women glamorize weight loss and dieting due to what they see on the television (Harrison Hefner, 2006). In fact, the study found that television viewing [is] linked to subsequent increases in eating pathology (Harrison Hefner, 2006). Another example of this idea is a study that was conduc ted in which the impact of television being introduced to young women in a rural community in Fiji was investigated. The young womens opinions about their bodies in terms of weight had been drastically influenced by the television and had urges to reshape their bodies in order to fit in with the ideals that were presented to them through the television (Lindquist, 2006). Limitation of The Cultivation Theory to the study Even though this theory provides us with a unique way of looking at television as a highly influential part to stereotyping of women in advertising, it omitted some aspects that also seem to have an impact on the perception of people. The Cultivation Theory ignores the influence of other forms of media, such as commercials, magazines, newspapers, music, advertisements, and many others (Lindquist, 2006). Relating back to the issue of womens obsession with thinness, it has been discovered that both print and electronic media exposure are associated with an increased drive for thinness (Harrison Hefner, 2006). Commercials, magazines, and printed advertisements are heavily lined with figures that maintain the negative body image that many women have. While these aspects of the media are most likely cultivating similar attitudes that are produced by the television, it is possible that they have some sort of other effect on womens perceptions of themselves. The attitudes that have been co nstructed for people by the media cannot be based solely on television. Female Body Image and the Mass Media Perspectives on How Women Internalise the Ideal Beauty Standard Mass medias use of unrealistic models sends an implicit message that distorts the healthy body image and it makes it thorny for females to attain any stage of satisfaction with their physical appearance. There has been a plethora of study to show that women are negatively affected by regular exposure to models that execute the unrealistic media ideal of beauty; nevertheless, it is not clear how these images in fact come to affect womens satisfaction with their physical appearance (Serdar [no date]). Female Body Image Body image is a complicated aspect of the self-concept that concerns an individuals perceptions and feelings about their body and physical appearance (Cash Pruzinsky, 2002). Females of all ages seem to be particularly vulnerable to disturbance in this area; body dissatisfaction in women is a well-documented phenomenon in mental health literature. Researchers have called females concerns with their physical appearance normative discontent; implying that body dissatisfaction affects almost all women at some level (Striegel-Moore Franko, 2002, p. 183; Tiggemann Slater, 2004). Females have been found to experience dissatisfaction with physical appearance at a much higher rate than males (Striegel-Moore Franko, 2002), and women of all ages and sizes display body image disturbance. It appears that body dissatisfaction is more closely linked to appearance-related cognitions than physical reality. People are at higher risk to display disturbed body image if they hold dysfunctional belief s and cognitions about their physical appearance, regardless of body mass (Butters Cash, 1987). Concerns with the development of disordered eating are an especially vital issue because such patterns have been found to be a major predictor of clinical eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction and preoccupation with food, shape, and weight are some of the core features in the diagnostic criteria of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Estimates of the prevalence of such disorders vary, but most state that 3% to 10% of females ages 15 to 29 could be considered anorexic or bulimic. Most individuals who develop an eating disorder start with what is considered typical dieting behavior. With increasing numbers of females reporting disturbed body image and engaging in dieting behavior, there has been a significant level of concern about the increasing incidence of eating disorders. This is especially true of individuals who display early signs of body image disturbance and disordered eating (Polivy Herman, 2002). Images of Women in the Media Images in the media today project an unrealistic and even dangerous standard of feminine beauty that can have a powerful influence on the way women view themselves. From the perspective of the mass media, thinness is idealized and expected for women to be considered attractive. Images in advertisements, television, and music usually portray the ideal woman as tall, white, and thin, with a tubular body, and blonde hair (Dittmar Howard, 2004; Lin Kulik, 2002; Polivy Herman, 2004; Sands Wardle, 2003; Schooler, Ward, Merriwether, Caruthers, 2004; Tiggemann Slater, 2003). The media is littered with images of females who fulfill these unrealistic standards, making it seem as if it is normal for women to live up to this ideal. Dittmar and Howard (2004) made this statement regarding the prevalence of unrealistic media images: Ultra-thin models are so prominent that exposure to them becomes unavoidable and chronic, constantly reinforcing a discrepancy for most women and girls between their actual size and the ideal body (p. 478). Only a very small percentage of women in Western countries meet the criteria the media uses to define beautiful (Dittmar Howard, 2004; Thompson Stice, 2001); yet so many women are repeatedly exposed to media images that send the message that a woman is not acceptable and attractive if she do not match societys ultra-thin standard of beauty (Dittmar Howard, 2004, p. 478). In recent years, womens body sizes have grown larger (Spitzer, Henderson, Zivian, 1999), while societal standards of body shape have become much thinner. This discrepancy has made it increasingly difficult for most women to achieve the current sociocultural ideal. Such a standard of perfection is unrealistic and even dangerous. Many of the models shown on television, advertisements, and in other forms of popular media are approximately 20% below ideal body weight, thus meeting the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (Dittmar Howard, 2004). Research has repeatedly shown that constant exposure to thin models fosters body image concerns and disordered eating in many females. Almost all forms of the media contain unrealistic images, and the negative effects of such idealistic portrayals have been demonstrated in numerous studies. Schooler et al. (2004) found that women who reported greater exposure to television programming during adolescence were more likely to experience high levels of body image disturbance than females that did not report such levels of exposure. In addition, certain types of programming seem to elicit higher levels of body dissatisfaction in females. A study done by Tiggemann and Slater (2003) found that women who viewed music videos that contained thin models experienced increased levels of negative mood and body image disturbance. Music videos seem to send a particularly direct message that woman should live up to the sociocultural ideal; women portrayed are almost always direct representations of w hat our culture considers beautiful. In addition, music television is an increasingly influential form of media, especially for adolescent and college females. Mainstream magazines and advertisements are another potent source of idealized images of women. This is disturbing because many women, especially adolescents, have been found to read such material on a regular basis. Findings of one study indicate that 83% of teenage girls reported reading fashion magazines for about 4.3 hours

Foreign and Drug Policy Essay -- American Government Politics Essays

Foreign and Drug Policy In examining the transitions in US government policy related to drug abuse and trafficking, historians are consistently confronted with the difficult task of analyzing the different motivations for variations in strategy from the Nixon administration to the present. In this specific case, our investigation centers upon the interplay of United States foreign policy in Latin America in the 1980’s (pursued mostly by the CIA) and the broad campaign against drugs both at home and abroad. At first glance, one might suppose that a moral ideology such as the war on drugs would be a multi-faceted operation with little available room for compromise. After all, an analogous crusade against terrorism has emerged as the overriding logic and driving force behind current foreign policy, so why shouldn’t narcoterrorism have a similar place in initiatives abroad? It would make sense that since we are now committed to eliminating any support for states that sponsor terrorism, nations like Colombia, Panama, Nicaragua, and Honduras should be dealt with in a similar manner for their complicity in drug trafficking. As we now know, this was not the case, thus further scrutiny is required. The framework for this analysis will be an in depth reading of multiple sources with differing viewpoints chronicling the events in the expansion of the Latin American narcotics trade. Our analysis begins with Oliver North, the military coordinator ultimately empowered by the National Security Council to conduct and oversee covert operations supporting Nicaraguan rebels, the Contras, in their resistance campaign. As part of Reagan’s fierce stance against communism, Latin America had become a battleground between American CIA ... ...ionale and a new direction for combating the widespread narcotics abuse in America, namely increased investment in treatment of addiction. Works Cited: Kerry, John et al. Senate Committee Report on Drugs, Law Enforcement, and Foreign Policy. Available online http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/ARCHIVE/KERRY.html. Access date 5/25/04. Korsmeyer, Pamela and David Musto. The Quest for Drug Control. Yale University Press: New Haven, 2002. Marshall, Jonathan and Peter Dale Scott. Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America. University of California Press: Los Angeles, 1991. Massing, Michael. The Fix. University of California Press: Los Angeles, 1999. PBS Frontline. Interview with Oliver North. Available online http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/special/north.html. Access date 5/23/04.